Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 3, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence
Published on: September 22, 2023
Parental smoking and allergic rhinitis in children
Maryam Salehi1, Mehdi Bakhshaee, Sara Jafari Ashtiani
1Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and Assistant Professor of Community Medicine, Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad, Iran.
Background:
Parental smoking is one of the controversial risk factors associated with allergic rhinitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parental smoking and allergic rhinitis; considering confounding factors.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 671 children aged 2 to 7 years. Random cluster sampling was used to select the participants. The signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis in children were assessed through standard questionnaires and physical examinations.
Results:
In the multivariate analysis, parental smoking (odds ratio [OR] 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-2.41) was not a significant risk factor for allergic rhinitis; positive family history of allergy was the only significant factor among other factors (OR 23.64; 95% CI, 11.63-48.04). Sex (OR 1.16; 95% CI, 0.60-2.24), family size (OR 1.06; 95% CI, 0.22-5.05), family income (OR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.24-1.47), and parents' education (OR 1.79; 95% CI, 0.61-5.20) were not statistically significant.
Conclusion:
The findings suggest that there is no significant relationship between parental smoking and allergic rhinitis.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Asthma I: Introduction
Asthma-I: Introduction
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Allergic Reactions
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...

