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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

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DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
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Traumatic brain injury and olfaction: a systematic review.

Peter William Schofield1, Tammie Maree Moore2, Andrew Gardner1

  • 1Neuropsychiatry Service, Hunter New England Mental Health , Newcastle, NSW , Australia ; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, NSW , Australia.

Frontiers in Neurology
|January 31, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently causes olfactory dysfunction, impacting quality of life. This smell alteration may indicate other TBI-related health issues.

Keywords:
anosmiabrain injuryolfactionreviewtrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to significant neuropsychiatric issues.
  • Olfactory dysfunction is a common but often overlooked complication of TBI.
  • Characterizing smell deficits post-TBI is crucial for comprehensive patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing literature on olfactory function after TBI.
  • To synthesize findings regarding the frequency and implications of post-TBI olfactory dysfunction.
  • To assess olfactory dysfunction as a potential marker for other TBI morbidities.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 25 English-language studies on TBI and olfactory function.
  • Data extraction and tabulation of key findings from included studies.
  • Qualitative synthesis of results to identify trends and patterns.

Main Results:

  • A high frequency of olfactory dysfunction was consistently reported across studies.
  • Methodologies varied, but the overall evidence points to significant smell impairment post-TBI.
  • Post-TBI olfactory deficits may correlate with other structural or functional injuries.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is a prevalent consequence of TBI.
  • Routinely assessing smell function post-TBI is recommended for better patient management.
  • Olfactory deficits can serve as an indicator of broader TBI-related complications.