An unofficial legislative history of the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009

In March 2010, Congress passed the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009 (BPCIA). This law established a statutory pathway for approval of "biosimilars," follow-on versions of innovative biological products. This article traces the history of the BPCIA, beginning with a discussion of the origins of federal regulation of drugs and biologics, including passage of the Hatch-Waxman amendments, in Section I. Section I also describes the development of the European approval framework for biosimilars in the mid-2000s and how this increased interest in creation of a pathway in the United States. The article then provides, in Section II, an overview of early stakeholder discussions in the United States regarding legal and scientific issues relating to biosimilars, spanning the years 1998-2006. The legislative debate began in earnest in late 2006, when the first biosimilars bill was introduced. Section III of the article examines introduced bills, other legislative proposals, and related stakeholder discussion in detail, leading up to enactment of the BPCIA. Section IV describes the BPCIA as enacted, and the paper ends with the authors' concluding observations about the legislative negotiations and their implications for interpretation of the Act.