Cangrelor for treatment of arterial thrombosis

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a highly effective treatment for obstructive coronary artery disease. Oral platelet P2Y12 receptor antagonists reduce ischemic events in patients treated with PCI. However, there are several limitations to their use, including variable pharmacodynamics, a slow onset and offset, and in those patients who are pretreated but subsequently require cardiac surgery, increased bleeding. Cangrelor is an intravenous agent that provides rapid and intensive inhibition of the P2Y12 receptor that quickly dissipates after discontinuation. A recent, Phase III randomized clinical trial of PCI patients demonstrated that cangrelor bolus and infusion reduced ischemic events compared with conventional clopidogrel therapy without increasing major bleeding.

This review outlines the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and the safety and efficacy of cangrelor for the acute treatment of patients undergoing planned PCI.

Cangrelor is an important addition to the current armamentarium of platelet inhibitors as it significantly reduces periprocedural myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis in a broad spectrum of patients, without increasing major bleeding or the need for transfusion. Cangrelor will have particular benefit in clopidogrel-naïve patients with high anatomical complexity and/or increased clinical risk (where the absolute risk for thrombotic and ischemic complications of PCI is greatest).