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Superfluidity and space-time translation symmetry breaking.

Frank Wilczek1

  • 1Center for Theoretical Physics, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|February 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a model for temporal superconducting ordering, demonstrating spontaneous violation of time translation symmetry in novel Josephson circuit designs. The findings pave the way for understanding time-dependent quantum phenomena.

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum mechanics
  • Circuit theory

Background:

  • Superconducting crystalline ordering, like Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Ferrell-Fulde (LOFF) states, describes exotic electronic phases.
  • Time translation symmetry (τ) is a fundamental concept in physics, typically assumed to be conserved.
  • Josephson effects in weak links are crucial for superconducting electronics and quantum phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a simple model exhibiting a temporal analogue of superconducting crystalline ordering.
  • To design minimally dissipative ac circuits that exploit Josephson effects and time translation symmetry.
  • To explore the spontaneous violation of time translation symmetry in these systems.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a theoretical model for time-dependent superconducting order parameters.

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  • Circuit design based on time translation symmetry invariant dynamics.
  • Analysis of spontaneous symmetry violation and effective theories.

    • Main Results:

    • A model demonstrating a temporal analogue of LOFF ordering with a time-dependent order parameter was presented.
    • Designs for ac circuits exploiting Josephson effects and time translation symmetry were sketched.
    • These systems were shown to spontaneously violate time translation symmetry.

    Conclusions:

    • The study successfully modeled temporal superconducting ordering and its spontaneous violation of time translation symmetry.
    • The proposed circuit designs offer a practical avenue for experimental investigation.
    • The work opens possibilities for exploring space-time generalizations of these phenomena.