Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...

Paramagnetism

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis, the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.

Colors and Magnetism

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...

Diamagnetism

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

How Wastewater Monitoring is Helping to Investigate a Hepatitis A Outbreak Linked to Oysters' Consumption.

Food and environmental virology·2026

Same author

Algebraic Loop Liquid in the Pyrochlore CsNiCrF_{6}.

Physical review letters·2026

Same author

From Triangular Correlated Paramagnet to Multi-q Noncoplanar Spin State in Spinel GeFe_{2}O_{4}.

Physical review letters·2026

Same author

Low-Dimensional VS<sub>3</sub> Synthesized at Elevated Pressure.

Inorganic chemistry·2025

Same author

Field-Induced Magnon Decay, Magnon Shadows, and Rotonlike Excitations in the Honeycomb Antiferromagnet YbBr_{3}.

Physical review letters·2025

Same author

Perampanel effects on seizures and sleep quality in people with epilepsy: A prospective multicenter study.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Published on: August 15, 2018

Magnetoelastic excitations in the pyrochlore spin liquid Tb2Ti2O7.

T Fennell¹, M Kenzelmann², B Roessli¹

¹Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.

Physical Review Letters

|February 4, 2014

Summary

Terbium titanate (Tb2Ti2O7) exhibits a unique spin liquid state. This state features a hybrid excitation coupling crystal fields and acoustic phonons, suppressing magnetic order.

More Related Videos

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

Published on: March 27, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Published on: August 15, 2018

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

Published on: March 27, 2018

Area of Science:

Condensed matter physics
Materials science
Quantum magnetism

Background:

The material Tb2Ti2O7 was expected to exhibit magnetic order or structural distortion at low temperatures.
Instead, it enters a spin liquid state, defying initial predictions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the nature of the spin liquid state in Tb2Ti2O7.
To understand the mechanism suppressing magnetic order and structural distortion.

Main Methods:

Neutron scattering experiments were employed to probe the low-temperature state of Tb2Ti2O7.
Analysis focused on identifying and characterizing excitations within the spin liquid phase.

Main Results:

A novel hybrid excitation was discovered, coupling an excited crystal field level to a transverse acoustic phonon.
Identical dispersion relations were observed for magnetic and phononlike branches, indicating strong hybridization.
This hybridization was found to vanish in the paramagnetic state.

Conclusions:

Tb2Ti2O7 is characterized as a "magnetoelastic spin liquid" due to the observed excitation hybridization.
The magnetoelastic coupling is proposed to be the mechanism that suppresses both magnetic ordering and structural distortion.
The spin liquid phase is described as a Coulomb phase with propagating bosonic spin excitations.