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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
893
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

860
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
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Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

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[CCAFU Recommendations 2013: Upper urinary tract carcinoma].

C Pfister, M Roupret, Y Neuzillet

  • 1Membres experts du sous-comité vessie.

Progres En Urologie : Journal De L'Association Francaise D'Urologie Et De La Societe Francaise D'Urologie
|February 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Updated guidelines for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) emphasize diagnosis via CT-scan and ureteroscopy. While radical nephro-urectomy is standard, conservative endoscopic treatment and close monitoring are options for select UTUC cases.

Keywords:
BassinetCarcinome urothélial haut appareilCytologie urinaireCytologyNéphrourétérectomieRadical nephroureterectomyRenal pelvisSurvieSurvivalUpper tract urothelial carcinomaUreterUreteroscopyUretèreUrétéroscopie

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology

Context:

  • Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare malignancy.
  • Existing guidelines required updating to reflect current evidence.

Purpose:

  • To update the French Urological Association Cancer Committee guidelines for UTUC diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.
  • To evaluate recent literature (2010-2013) on UTUC management.

Summary:

  • Diagnosis relies on CT-scan during excretion and ureteroscopy with biopsy.
  • Radical nephro-urectomy is the gold standard surgical treatment.
  • Conservative endoscopic management is feasible for specific UTUC cases (unifocal, <1cm, low grade, non-invasive on CT), requiring close endoscopic surveillance.

Impact:

  • Aims to improve patient management, diagnosis, and treatment of UTUC.
  • Provides evidence-based recommendations for clinicians treating UTUC.