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Poly(A)-binding proteins: structure, domain organization, and activity regulation

I A Eliseeva1, D N Lyabin, L P Ovchinnikov

  • 1Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia. yeliseeva@vega.protres.ru.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
|February 5, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) are crucial for mRNA function, influencing processes from creation to decay. This review details PABP roles in nuclear and cytoplasmic mRNA events and their regulation.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • RNA-binding proteins are essential for messenger RNA (mRNA) functionality.
  • Poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) are key players due to their high affinity for A-rich mRNA sequences.
  • PABPs interact with numerous proteins, mediating diverse cellular events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of PABPs in mRNA-dependent cellular processes.
  • To discuss the regulation of PABP levels and activities within the cell.
  • To provide modern insights into PABP functions in both nuclear and cytoplasmic mRNA metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on PABPs.
  • Analysis of PABP interactions with mRNA and other proteins.
  • Examination of PABP functions in mRNA polyadenylation, export, translation, and decay.

Main Results:

  • PABPs are involved in virtually all mRNA-dependent events.
  • Nuclear PABPs contribute to polyadenylation, poly(A) tail length determination, and mRNA export.
  • Cytoplasmic PABPs regulate translation initiation and mRNA stability, either protecting or promoting decay.

Conclusions:

  • PABPs are central regulators of mRNA fate, impacting multiple stages of gene expression.
  • Understanding PABP regulation is critical for comprehending cellular mRNA dynamics.
  • This review consolidates current knowledge on PABP functions and their regulatory mechanisms.

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