Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 3, 2026

Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids
Published on: May 4, 2018
Gageostatins A-C, antimicrobial linear lipopeptides from a marine Bacillus subtilis
Fakir Shahidullah Tareq1, Min Ah Lee2, Hyi-Seung Lee3
1Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, 176 Gajung-dong, 217 Gajungro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-350, Korea. stareqfakir@gmail.com.
Abstract:
Concerning the requirements of effective drug candidates to combat against high rising multidrug resistant pathogens, we isolated three new linear lipopeptides, gageostatins A-C (1-3), consisting of hepta-peptides and new 3-β-hydroxy fatty acids from the fermentation broth of a marine-derived bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Their structures were elucidated by analyzing a combination of extensive 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopic data and high resolution ESIMS data. Fatty acids, namely 3-β-hydroxy-11-methyltridecanoic and 3-β-hydroxy-9,11-dimethyltridecanoic acids were characterized in lipopeptides 1 and 2, respectively, whereas an unsaturated fatty acid (E)-7,9-dimethylundec-2-enoic acid was assigned in 3. The 3R configuration of the stereocenter of 3-β-hydroxy fatty acids in 1 and 2 was established by Mosher's MTPA method. The absolute stereochemistry of amino acid residues in 1-3 was ascertained by acid hydrolysis followed by Marfey's derivatization studies. Gageostatins 1-3 exhibited good antifungal activities with MICs values of 4-32 µg/mL when tested against pathogenic fungi (R. solani, B. cinerea and C. acutatum) and moderate antibacterial activity against bacteria (B. subtilis, S. aeureus, S. typhi and P. aeruginosa) with MICs values of 8-64 µg/mL. Futhermore, gageostatins 1-3 displayed cytotoxicity against six human cancer cell lines with GI₅₀ values of 4.6-19.6 µg/mL. It is also noteworthy that mixed compounds 1+2 displayed better antifungal and cytotoxic activities than individuals.
Related Concept Videos
Antimicrobial Proteins
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis
Formation of Lipopolysaccharides
Biosynthesis of Lipids
Production of Antibiotics
Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis

