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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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Large Intestine01:09

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The large intestine is divided into three main regions: the cecum, colon, and rectum. Extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus, it frames the small intestine on three sides.
The ileocecal sphincter, a mucous membrane fold, guards the opening from the ileum to the large intestine. This valve permits material from the small intestine to pass into the large intestine. Attached to the ileocecal valve is the cecum. This small pouch, approximately 6 cm long, has a twisted, coiled tube known as...
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Histology of the Large Intestine01:26

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The large intestine, a vital component of the gastrointestinal tract, is structured with four main layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. Each layer performs a distinct role in facilitating the smooth functioning of the large intestine.
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The small intestine is primarily responsible for digestion and nutrient absorption. It spans from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve and connects to the large intestine.
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Histology of the Small Intestine01:27

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The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
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Intestinal Obstruction I: Introduction01:29

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Intestinal obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine that disrupts the normal flow of intestinal contents through the lumen. This interruption impairs digestion, absorption, and fluid balance, and may lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.Mechanical ObstructionMechanical obstruction occurs when a physical blockage prevents intestinal contents from passing, arising from within the lumen or the bowel wall, or from external compression.Adhesions,...
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Tissue Engineering of the Intestine in a Murine Model
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Tissue Engineering of the Intestine in a Murine Model

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How to make an intestine.

James M Wells1, Jason R Spence

  • 1Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|February 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers are creating advanced 3D human intestinal tissues in vitro using stem cells. These models aid in studying diseases and developing new drug screening platforms for gastrointestinal disorders.

Keywords:
Directed differentiationEmbryonic stem cellsGastrointestinal diseaseGut tubeIntestinal morphogenesisPluripotent stem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine
  • Gastrointestinal disease modeling
  • In vitro human tissue engineering

Background:

  • High prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders necessitates better research models.
  • Existing models lack the complexity of human intestinal physiology.
  • Need for accurate drug-screening platforms for intestinal diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in generating in vitro human intestinal tissues.
  • To highlight the use of these tissues in disease research and drug discovery.
  • To discuss the application of stem cell-derived intestinal models.

Main Methods:

  • Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells.
  • Generation of complex, three-dimensional human intestinal tissues in vitro.
  • Utilizing developmental and stem cell biology principles.

Main Results:

  • Successful generation of functional in vitro human intestinal tissues.
  • Demonstrated utility in studying human development and disease.
  • Application in investigating intestinal pathogens, metabolic disease, and cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell-derived intestinal tissues offer a powerful tool for biomedical research.
  • These models represent a significant advancement for studying gastrointestinal disorders.
  • Future applications include personalized medicine and enhanced drug development.