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Long-range electron tunneling.

Jay R Winkler1, Harry B Gray

  • 1Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electrons can tunnel through barriers, enabling chemical reactions without direct contact. This quantum phenomenon is vital for biological processes and electronic devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Electron tunneling is a quantum mechanical phenomenon where electrons pass through potential energy barriers.
  • Historically, chemical reactions were thought to require direct reactant collision.
  • Electron tunneling has applications in semiconductor diodes and biological charge transport.

Observation:

  • Electrons can tunnel through barriers several nanometers wide and electron-volts high.
  • Experimental evidence shows electron transfer between reactants separated by nanometers.
  • Kinetics measurements reveal electron tunneling through proteins on biologically relevant timescales.

Findings:

  • Electron tunneling allows chemical transformations without direct contact, revising the chemical reaction paradigm.
  • Rate constants for electron exchange between redox partners vary with distance.
  • Superexchange mechanisms explain electronic coupling between distant redox centers.

Implications:

  • Long-range electron tunneling is crucial for biological processes like photosynthesis and respiration.
  • Understanding electron tunneling advances semiconductor technology and molecular electronics.
  • Expanding knowledge of electron tunneling presents new theoretical and experimental challenges.