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Relationship between running speed and initial foot contact patterns.

Bastiaan Breine1, Philippe Malcolm, Edward C Frederick

  • 11Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, BELGIUM; and 2Exeter Research, Inc., Brentwood, NH.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|February 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

As running speed increases, distance runners shift from rearfoot to forefoot initial foot contact patterns (IFCP). This change in foot strike is an intraindividual adaptation to faster running speeds.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Science
  • Running Mechanics

Background:

  • Initial foot contact patterns (IFCP) are crucial in distance running.
  • Understanding how running speed affects IFCP is important for injury prevention and performance optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess initial foot contact patterns (IFCP) in a large cohort of distance runners.
  • To investigate the influence of running speed on IFCP.

Main Methods:

  • Classified runners into IFCP groups using the strike index.
  • Measured center of pressure (COP) using a 2-m plantar pressure plate at four speeds (3.2, 4.1, 5.1, and 6.2 m/s).
  • Utilized a system with high accuracy for COP data, even at low ground reaction forces.

Main Results:

  • IFCP shifted from predominantly initial rearfoot contact (IRFC) at 3.2 m/s (82%) to a more even distribution of IRFC (46%) and initial midfoot/forefoot contact (54%) at 6.2 m/s.
  • Atypical COP patterns were observed in 44% of IRFC runners, characterized by rapid anterior COP displacement.
  • Atypical IRFC exhibited a significantly higher instantaneous vertical loading rate compared to typical IRFC.

Conclusions:

  • Changes in IFCP distribution are due to intraindividual alterations at higher speeds.
  • 45% of runners transitioned towards more anterior IFCP at increased speeds.
  • 52% of runners maintained their initial foot contact style across different speeds.