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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
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A Sample Preparation Pipeline for Microcrystals at the VMXm Beamline
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Fine structure of polysaccharide microcrystals.

B C Parker1, G F Leeper

  • 1Department of Botany, Washiington University, St. Louis, Missouri.

Planta
|February 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals microcrystals within various polysaccharides like cellulose, mannan, and xylan. These microcrystals are fundamental components of microfibrils across different species.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Plant Biology

Background:

  • Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates with diverse biological roles.
  • Microfibrils are essential structural components in plant cell walls and other biological materials.
  • Understanding the nanoscale structure of polysaccharides is crucial for materials science and biotechnology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and dimensions of microcrystals in various polysaccharides.
  • To characterize the structural organization of these microcrystals within microfibrils.

Main Methods:

  • Negative staining electron microscopy was employed to visualize microcrystals.
  • Dimensional analysis of microcrystals was performed using established measurement techniques.

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Main Results:

  • Microcrystals were identified in cellulose from Valoniopsis, Vaucheria, and a tunicate, with widths of 20, 27, and 30 Å.
  • Mannan microcrystals from Acetabularia measured 10x25 Å and exhibited linear orientation.
  • Xylan microcrystals from Dichotomousiphon and Caulerpa had widths of 22 and 24 Å, respectively.
  • All observed microcrystals were integral components of microfibrils.

Conclusions:

  • Various polysaccharides contain distinct microcrystalline structures.
  • These microcrystals are fundamental building blocks of microfibrils.
  • The findings provide insights into the nanoscale architecture of polysaccharide-based materials.