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Updated: May 3, 2026

Simultaneous Two-photon In Vivo Imaging of Synaptic Inputs and Postsynaptic Targets in the Mouse Retrosplenial Cortex

Simultaneous Two-photon In Vivo Imaging of Synaptic Inputs and Postsynaptic Targets in the Mouse Retrosplenial Cortex

Published on: March 13, 2016

Mapping brain circuit function in vivo using two-photon fluorescence microscopy.

Serena Bovetti¹, Claudio Moretti, Tommaso Fellin

¹Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163, Genova, Italy.

Microscopy Research and Technique

|February 8, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Nonlinear microscopy and fluorescent activity reporters enable high-resolution mapping of neuronal circuits in the brain. This review covers nonlinear microscopy principles and its use in neuroscience, particularly in rodent neocortex studies with genetically encoded calcium indicators.

Keywords:

calcium dyes central nervous system functional imaging two-photon excitation

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Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Simultaneous Two-photon In Vivo Imaging of Synaptic Inputs and Postsynaptic Targets in the Mouse Retrosplenial Cortex

Simultaneous Two-photon In Vivo Imaging of Synaptic Inputs and Postsynaptic Targets in the Mouse Retrosplenial Cortex

Published on: March 13, 2016

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biophysics
Optical Imaging

Background:

Understanding brain function requires high-resolution mapping of neuronal circuit activity in vivo.
Nonlinear microscopy has emerged as a key technology for advanced brain imaging.
Fluorescent activity reporters are essential for monitoring neural dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the principles of nonlinear microscopy.
To discuss the application of nonlinear microscopy in neuroscience research.
To highlight recent functional studies using this technology in the rodent neocortex.

Main Methods:

Nonlinear microscopy techniques (e.g., two-photon excitation).
Use of fluorescent proteins as activity reporters (e.g., genetically encoded calcium indicators).
In vivo imaging in rodent models, specifically the neocortex.

Main Results:

Nonlinear microscopy provides high spatial and temporal resolution for neural activity mapping.
Genetically encoded calcium indicators allow visualization of neuronal firing.
Combined approaches enable detailed functional studies of neural circuits.

Conclusions:

Nonlinear microscopy is a powerful tool for in vivo neuroscience.
The combination with fluorescent reporters significantly advances our ability to study brain function.
Future research will benefit from further development and application of these imaging modalities.