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Current issues in gastric cancer epidemiology
C L Patru1, V Surlin2, I Georgescu2
1University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova Faculty of Medicine.
Summary
Gastric cancer remains a significant health concern globally. Early diagnosis and surgical treatment are crucial for improving survival rates, particularly in advanced stages.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Oncology
- Public Health
Background:
- Gastric cancer is a frequent and aggressive digestive tract malignancy with a low cure rate in symptomatic stages.
- While global incidence decreases, it ranks fourth among cancers; mortality remains high, especially with advanced TNM stages in the West.
- Japan has improved prognosis through increased early gastric cancer diagnosis, contrasting with advanced stages in Western countries.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the current global and national (Romania) epidemiological status of gastric cancer.
- To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and surgical intervention for improving gastric cancer prognosis.
- To discuss factors influencing gastric cancer incidence, mortality, and survival rates.
Main Methods:
- Review of global and national epidemiological data on gastric cancer incidence and mortality.
- Analysis of diagnostic staging (TNM) and survival rates in different geographical regions.
- Examination of treatment modalities, focusing on surgical resection and its impact on prognosis.
Main Results:
- Gastric cancer incidence is decreasing globally but remains a major health issue, ranking fourth.
- Prognosis is poor in advanced stages, but significantly improved in cases of early gastric cancer, as seen in Japan.
- Romania shows increasing gastric cancer incidence, with higher rates in men around age 60; national mortality is average.
- Survival rates have improved due to earlier diagnosis, advanced treatments, and risk-group monitoring.
Conclusions:
- Gastric cancer prognosis is strongly linked to diagnosis stage; surgical treatment offers the best survival, especially for early-stage disease.
- Earlier diagnosis, comprehensive treatment, and monitoring at-risk populations are key to improving gastric cancer survival rates.
- Despite global trends, gastric cancer continues to pose a significant challenge, necessitating ongoing research and public health interventions.
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