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The decrease in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells following thermal injury in humans can be accounted for by a

S E Calvano1, H F deRiesthal, M A Marano

  • 1Department of Surgery, New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical Center, New York 10021.

Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology
|May 1, 1988
PubMed
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Severe burns significantly decrease CD4+ T cells, specifically the suppressor-inducer subset, impacting immune responses. This early change in lymphocyte populations highlights potential immune dysfunction following thermal injury.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Trauma Research

Background:

  • Major thermal injury triggers complex immune system alterations.
  • Understanding lymphocyte subset dynamics is crucial for assessing post-burn immune competence.
  • Previous studies indicate functional immunologic defects in burn patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations following thermal injury.
  • To identify specific lymphocyte subsets affected by burns.
  • To explore the phenotypic basis of impaired immune responses in burn patients.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized single- and two-color fluorescence flow cytometry.
  • Assessed percentages and absolute numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations in 10 thermally injured subjects over time.

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  • Employed specific antibodies (anti-CD45R, anti-CD11) to define T cell subsets.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant decrease in CD3+ and CD4+ lymphocyte percentages was observed early post-burn.
    • The reduction in CD4+ cells was attributed to a specific decline in the suppressor-inducer subset (CD4+/CD45R+).
    • No significant changes were noted in CD8+ lymphocyte percentages or subsets; however, a general lymphopenia occurred by Day 4.

    Conclusions:

    • Thermal injury induces specific phenotypic changes in immunoregulatory T cell subsets.
    • The early decrease in suppressor-inducer T cells may contribute to the known functional immunologic defects in burn patients.
    • These findings provide insights into the immunobiology of severe injury and potential therapeutic targets.