Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Global Access to Diagnostic Paraclinical Testing Incorporated in the 2024 Revised McDonald Criteria: Disparities and Opportunity.

Neurology. Clinical practice·2026

Same author

Education Research: The Future of Child Neurology Residency Training: The Perspective of a Child Neurology Society Task Force.

Neurology. Education·2026

Same author

Role of Tocilizumab in Severe CNS Inflammatory Presentations in Children.

Neurology·2026

Same author

Reduced fibre-fermenting capacity of gut microbes in multiple sclerosis may result in prebiotic dietary fibre β-fructan promoting inflammation and CNS damage.

eGastroenterology·2026

Same author

Spinal Cord Leptomeningeal Enhancement as a Marker of Extensive Spinal Cord Involvement in Children With MOGAD.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2025

Same author

Positive cerebrospinal fluid in the 2024 McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis.

EBioMedicine·2025

Same journal

Preface.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026

Same journal

Foreword.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026

Same journal

Fundus autofluorescence imaging.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026

Same journal

The electroretinogram as a means to study the physiology of the retina.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026

Same journal

Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026

Same journal

Modeling the human retina in a dish: Advances and future directions.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Multiple sclerosis in children.

Brenda L Banwell¹

¹Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

|February 11, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) is increasingly recognized, prompting the creation of specialized clinics. Research aims to improve understanding and management of MS in children and adolescents.

Keywords:

MRI cerebrospinal fluid clinical course diagnosis magnetic resonance imaging prognosis risk of MS treatment

More Related Videos

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Area of Science:

Neurology
Pediatrics
Immunology

Background:

Childhood-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) is increasingly recognized.
Limited knowledge exists regarding the diagnosis, course, and management of pediatric MS compared to adult MS.
Pediatric MS clinics are emerging globally to offer specialized care and facilitate research.

Purpose of the Study:

To address knowledge gaps in pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS).
To investigate the pathobiology and mechanisms of myelin inflammation and repair in childhood MS.
To collaboratively evaluate patient outcomes and enhance understanding of pediatric MS.

Main Methods:

Establishment of dedicated pediatric MS clinics for specialized care and research.
Ongoing research into pathobiologic features of childhood-onset MS.
Collaborative evaluation of patient outcomes across multiple international clinics.

Main Results:

Increased recognition of pediatric MS onset.
Development of specialized pediatric MS clinics.
Initiation of research into pathobiology, myelin repair, and outcomes.

Conclusions:

Specialized pediatric MS clinics are crucial for advancing the understanding and care of the disease in young individuals.
Research into early MS processes may yield critical insights into the genesis of multiple sclerosis.
Further investigation is needed to fully elucidate the unique aspects of pediatric MS.