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Related Concept Videos

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

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Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

8.9K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
8.9K
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

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Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
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EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

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EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
1.6K
Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems01:28

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

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Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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A hydrogen-bonded three-component complex: bis(dicyclohexylammonium) 2,4-dichlorophenolate 2,4,6-trichlorophenolate

Xiao-Qing Cai1, Zhi Min Jin2

  • 1College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry
|February 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study details a novel chiral crystal formed from achiral components like dicyclohexylammonium and chlorinated phenols. These components self-assemble via hydrogen bonds into helical structures, creating a unique chiral supramolecular architecture.

Keywords:
chlorophenolate anionscrystal structurehelical hydrogen-bonded cylindershydrogen bonding

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A Study of the Complexation of MercuryII with Dicysteinyl Tetrapeptides by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
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Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
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Last Updated: May 3, 2026

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Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Crystal Engineering
  • X-ray Crystallography

Background:

  • Achiral molecules can self-assemble into chiral supramolecular structures.
  • Hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in directing crystal packing and symmetry.
  • Understanding self-assembly mechanisms is key to designing novel materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the self-assembly of achiral components into a chiral crystal.
  • To elucidate the role of hydrogen bonding in forming chiral supramolecular architectures.
  • To characterize the resulting crystal structure and its unique packing motifs.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to determine the crystal structure.
  • Analysis of intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonds (O-H···N, O-H···O) and van der Waals forces.
  • Examination of crystallographic symmetry elements, specifically 4₁ screw axes.

Main Results:

  • A novel chiral crystal structure was successfully synthesized and characterized.
  • Achiral building blocks (dicyclohexylammonium, chlorinated phenolates/phenols) self-assembled into chiral hydrogen-bonded rings.
  • These rings pack along 4₁ screw axes to form helical cylinders, defining the overall crystal chirality.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrates a successful strategy for generating chirality from achiral precursors through hydrogen-bonded supramolecular assembly.
  • Highlights the formation of helical cylinders as a key structural motif in the chiral crystal.
  • Suggests potential for designing complex chiral architectures using simple building blocks and specific intermolecular interactions.