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Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
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Related Experiment Video

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Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
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Face time versus test ordering: is there a trade-off?

James E Stahl1, Mark A Drew, Jeffrey Weilburg

  • 1Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, 101 Merrimac St, 10th Fl, Boston, MA 02114.

The American Journal of Managed Care
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Shorter clinician-patient time in primary care was linked to increased medical testing, but also shorter wait times. Urgent care showed different associations between time, testing, and wait times.

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare operations research
  • Clinical informatics
  • Patient flow optimization

Background:

  • Clinician-patient face time is decreasing.
  • Clinicians may substitute diagnostic testing for direct patient interaction.
  • Understanding this trade-off is crucial for healthcare efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between clinician-patient face time and medical resource utilization.
  • To investigate how time spent with patients impacts diagnostic testing in outpatient settings.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a real-time location system (RTLS) to measure clinician-patient "face time."
  • Defined medical resource utilization by radiology test frequency.
  • Analyzed data from 2086 clinical encounters (July 2008-October 2010).

Main Results:

  • In primary care, reduced face time correlated with increased radiology testing.
  • Primary care: shorter face time associated with shorter wait and flow times.
  • Urgent care: testing linked to shorter wait times but not necessarily shorter face time.

Conclusions:

  • Real-time location systems (RTLS) can quantify clinician-patient face time.
  • Pilot study indicates a trade-off between face time and medical testing.
  • Further research is needed to understand the broader impact on patients and healthcare systems.