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Adolescent heavy episodic drinking: neurocognitive functioning during early abstinence.

Jennifer L Winward1, Karen L Hanson2, Nicole M Bekman1

  • 11 Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.

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Heavy episodic drinking (HED) in teens causes cognitive deficits in memory and executive functions. Some cognitive functions improve with 4 weeks of abstinence, but others may require longer recovery periods.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Adolescent Psychology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Heavy episodic drinking (HED) is prevalent among adolescents.
  • Cognitive impairments are associated with adolescent alcohol use.
  • Understanding recovery patterns is crucial for interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rate and pattern of neuropsychological recovery in adolescents with HED during early abstinence.
  • To identify specific cognitive domains affected by HED in teens.
  • To assess cognitive changes over a 4-week monitored abstinence period.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited adolescents aged 16-18 years with HED (N=39) and socio-demographically similar controls (CON; N=26).
  • Ensured baseline comparability using 5th-grade standardized test performance.
  • Administered three neuropsychological test batteries at 2-week intervals over 4 weeks of monitored abstinence.

Main Results:

  • HED teens showed significant deficits in prospective memory, cognitive switching, inhibition accuracy, verbal memory, visuospatial construction, and language/achievement compared to controls.
  • A significant group × time interaction for block design indicated normalization of visuospatial skills within 4 weeks of abstinence for HED teens.
  • Cognitive performance deficits persisted in several domains even after 4 weeks of abstention.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescent HED is associated with widespread cognitive deficits during early abstinence.
  • While some cognitive functions may recover within 4 weeks, others may require longer periods of abstinence.
  • Findings suggest alcohol's impact on brain systems may predate formal alcohol abuse or dependence diagnoses.