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    Researchers explored generating and controlling multiple subwavelength focal spots using patterned vector optical fields (PVOFs). This technique offers flexible control for applications like parallel processing and optical manipulation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Generating subwavelength focal spots is crucial for high-resolution imaging and nanofabrication.
    • Patterned vector optical fields (PVOFs) offer unique polarization control for light manipulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To numerically and experimentally investigate the generation and regulation of subwavelength multiple focal spots using PVOFs.
    • To present a modified Richard-Wolf diffraction integration method for tight focusing of PVOFs.

    Main Methods:

    • Numerical simulations using a modified Richard-Wolf diffraction integration method.
    • Experimental generation and tight focusing of femtosecond PVOFs.
    • Surface modification of crystalline silicon wafers and characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

    Main Results:

    • Diverse spatial configurations of subwavelength multiple focal spots were achieved by tailoring PVOFs.
    • Experimental results, confirmed by SEM images, showed good agreement with numerical simulations.
    • Demonstrated flexible control over focal field properties through PVOFs.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed method enables precise control over the generation of multiple subwavelength focal spots.
    • PVOFs provide a powerful and flexible tool for applications requiring precise light manipulation.
    • This technique has potential applications in parallel processing and optical manipulation.