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Rapid complex mode decomposition of vector beams by common path interferometry.

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    This study introduces a rapid interferometry technique for analyzing vector beams and optical fibers. The method accurately determines the electric field and modal content, even in noisy conditions and with low signal-to-noise ratios.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Quantum Optics
    • Fiber Optics

    Background:

    • Vector beams possess spatially varying polarization.
    • Characterizing complex optical modes in fibers is challenging.
    • Existing methods may lack speed or sensitivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a rapid method for determining the electric field and modal content of vector beams.
    • To apply this technique for characterizing optical fibers.
    • To enable sensitive reconstruction of optical fields.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing common path interferometry with a reference and signal beam.
    • Employing a polarization beam splitter for stable interferograms.
    • Implementing Interferometric Decomposition into Optical Modes (IDIOM).

    Main Results:

    • Achieved rapid and sensitive determination of vector beam electric fields.
    • Successfully applied the technique to multi-mode optical fibers (up to 10 modes).
    • Determined fiber scattering matrices for mode transformation analysis.
    • Demonstrated accurate beam reconstruction with signal-to-noise ratios below 1.

    Conclusions:

    • Common path interferometry offers a direct, sensitive, and rapid approach for optical mode analysis.
    • The IDIOM technique is well-suited for characterizing optical fibers and vector beams.
    • This method enhances the ability to analyze complex optical fields in challenging environments.