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Microbial Morphologies

Microbial Morphologies

Bacterial and archaeal cells exhibit remarkable diversity in shape and structure, critical in their adaptability and functionality. Among bacteria, the most commonly observed shapes include cocci and bacilli. Cocci are spherical and may exist singly or in groupings such as pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), clusters (staphylococci), or tetrads. Bacilli, in contrast, are rod-shaped and can also occur as single cells, in pairs, or chains, depending on their environmental and genetic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Clarifying and Imaging Candida albicans Biofilms

Clarifying and Imaging Candida albicans Biofilms

Published on: March 6, 2020

Candida albicans morphologies revealed by scanning electron microscopy analysis.

M Staniszewska¹, M Bondaryk¹, E Swoboda-Kopec²

¹National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Independent Laboratory of Streptomyces and Fungi Imperfecti, Warsaw, Poland.

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology : [Publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]

|February 12, 2014

Summary

Efg1 transcription factor is crucial for Candida albicans

Keywords:

Candida albicans pleomorphism ultrastructure virulence

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Last Updated: May 3, 2026

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An Ex vivo Assay to Study Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis in the Gastrointestinal Tract

An Ex vivo Assay to Study Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Published on: July 1, 2020

Area of Science:

Mycology
Microbiology
Cell Biology

Background:

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen.
Morphological switching, including yeast-to-hypha transition, is key to C. albicans virulence.
Transcription factors Efg1 and Cph1 regulate C. albicans morphology and adhesion.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the roles of EFG1 and CPH1 genes in Candida albicans morphology and virulence.
To compare the ultrastructural differences between wild-type and mutant C. albicans strains.
To determine the importance of hyphae formation in C. albicans bloodstream infections.

Main Methods:

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze cell morphology.
Comparative analysis of wild-type C. albicans and mutants lacking EFG1 and/or CPH1 genes.
Culturing in human serum to induce morphological changes.

Main Results:

Efg1 is essential for human serum-induced cell growth and morphological switching in C. albicans.
Mutants lacking EFG1 showed distinct ultrastructural differences, including altered blastoconidia and septa formation.
Wild-type strains formed true hyphae essential for conglomerate integrity, which mutants lacked, impacting virulence in serum.

Conclusions:

Efg1 plays a critical role in regulating Candida albicans morphology and virulence.
True hyphae formation, regulated by Efg1, is vital for C. albicans structural integrity and potential role in bloodstream infections.
Understanding these morphological pathways can inform strategies against C. albicans infections.