Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 3, 2026
Minimally Invasive Embryo Transfer and Embryo Vitrification at the Optimal Embryo Stage in Rabbit Model
Published on: May 16, 2019
Comparison of easy and difficult embryo transfer outcomes in in vitro fertilization cycles
Firouzeh Ghaffari1, Kiandokht Kiani1, Akram Bahmanabadi1
1Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
Background:
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of easy and difficult embryo transfers (ET) on implantation and pregnancy rates.
Materials And Methods:
In this prospective study, we analyzed the results of 706 ET procedures over a 12-month period. An easy ET was defined as a transfer that occurred without the use of force or other instrumentation. A difficult ET was defined as the use of force for catheter placement, and/or the use of additional instruments, and/or manipulation. Pregnancy rate was compared between patients with easy or difficult ETs.
Results:
There was a significantly higher implantation rate in the easy group (21.7%) compared to the difficult group (12.1%, p<0.05).The easy group had a higher pregnancy rate (38.1%) compared to patients who had difficult ETs (21.4%; p<0.05).
Conclusion:
Any uterine manipulation during ET adversely affects in vitro fertilization (IVF). Precaution should be taken to identify possibly difficult ET cases in advance.
