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Related Concept Videos

Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
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Detection of Black Holes01:10

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Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature01:27

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature

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Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
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Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

23.2K
When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
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Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

2.3K
Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
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Cold dark matter heats up.

Andrew Pontzen1, Fabio Governato2

  • 11] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK [2] Oxford Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK [3] Balliol College, University of Oxford, Broad Street, Oxford OX1 3BJ, UK.

Nature
|February 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Cosmology

Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Astrophysics
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • The standard model of cosmology (ΛCDM) posits that dark energy and cold dark matter constitute 95% of the Universe's mass-energy.
  • The ΛCDM model predicts dense dark matter 'cusps' at galactic centers, contradicting observations of low-density 'cores'.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconcile the ΛCDM model with observed dark matter distributions in galactic centers.
  • To investigate the role of baryonic matter in shaping dark matter profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporating the influence of gas and stars, previously considered passive components.
  • Modeling the gravitational potential fluctuations caused by baryonic matter.

Main Results:

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
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Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

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Trapping of Micro Particles in Nanoplasmonic Optical Lattice
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  • Gas and stars actively inject heat energy into cold dark matter.
  • This energy injection explains the observed low central densities of dark matter in galaxies, resolving the 'core-cusp' problem.

    • Conclusions:

    • Baryonic matter's influence is crucial for accurate dark matter distribution predictions.
    • The observed galactic dark matter 'cores' can be explained within the ΛCDM framework by including baryonic feedback.