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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Three-Dimensional Imaging of Aortic Tissues in Atherosclerosis
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Visualizing the atherosclerotic plaque: a chemical perspective.

Ma Teresa Albelda1, Enrique Garcia-España, Juan C Frias

  • 1Universidad de Valencia, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Edificio de Institutos de Paterna, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46071 Valencia, Spain.

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Summary

Early detection of atherosclerosis, a key cause of heart disease, is crucial. This review covers contrast agents used in various imaging techniques for better visualization and diagnosis of atherosclerotic plaques.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Medical Diagnostics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of coronary artery disease.
  • Early detection of atherosclerotic plaques can prevent severe outcomes like myocardial infarction and stroke.
  • Imaging techniques are vital for assessing plaque characteristics and patient prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review contrast agents for atherosclerotic plaque imaging.
  • To discuss agents used in current, past, and future imaging modalities.
  • To highlight the role of contrast agents in improving image quality and diagnostic value.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of contrast agents for atherosclerotic plaque imaging.
  • Analysis of agents across different imaging modalities (e.g., nuclear imaging, optical imaging).
  • Consideration of applications in animal models, human patients, and excised tissues.

Main Results:

  • Various contrast agents enhance signal-to-noise ratios in plaque imaging.
  • Specific agents are essential for nuclear and optical imaging techniques.
  • The review encompasses a range of agents for diverse imaging applications.

Conclusions:

  • Contrast agents are indispensable for effective atherosclerotic plaque imaging.
  • Advancements in contrast agents will improve diagnostic and prognostic capabilities.
  • Optimized contrast agent use across modalities is key for managing cardiovascular disease.