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Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS
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H3N2 Virus as Causative Agent of ARDS Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support

Adriano Peris1, Giovanni Zagli1, Pasquale Bernardo2

  • 1Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit of Emergency Department, Careggi Teaching Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Case Reports in Medicine
|February 15, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) caused more viral pneumonia than seasonal flu. Influenza A(H3N2) can lead to severe complications, necessitating rapid viral vs. bacterial diagnosis in hospitals.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) strains were linked to increased viral pneumonia risk.
  • The 2011-2012 influenza season saw widespread influenza A(H3N2) circulation.
  • While typically mild, influenza A(H3N2) poses risks for vulnerable populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze severe cases of influenza A(H3N2) requiring intensive care.
  • To highlight the importance of differentiating viral from bacterial infections in severe respiratory illness.

Main Methods:

  • Case series of patients admitted to an ECMO referral center's ICU.
  • Review of clinical data for patients with influenza A(H3N2)-induced ARDS.

Main Results:

  • Most influenza A(H3N2) cases presented with mild illness.
  • Severe cases, including ARDS, occurred in patients with risk factors.
  • One patient with H3N2-induced ARDS did not survive despite ECMO treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Viral etiologies are increasingly significant in severe respiratory illnesses.
  • Hospitals need rapid diagnostic capabilities to distinguish between bacterial and viral causes of pneumonia.
  • Prompt differential diagnosis is crucial for effective patient management and outcomes in critical care settings.

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