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Test-enhanced learning and its effect on comprehension and diagnostic accuracy.

Mariam Baghdady1, Heather Carnahan, Ernest W N Lam

  • 1Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Wilson Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait.

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Testing students on complex medical concepts improved their understanding and diagnostic skills. This educational strategy, known as the testing effect, enhances learning beyond simple memorization for better clinical application.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Dental Education

Background:

  • Traditionally, assessments in health professions education focus on evaluating knowledge.
  • The 'testing effect' demonstrates that assessments can also enhance memory and learning.
  • Previous research primarily focused on rote memorization, not complex knowledge application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of testing on students' comprehension of basic science mechanisms.
  • To determine the effect of testing on diagnostic accuracy in health professions students.

Main Methods:

  • 112 undergraduate dental and dental hygiene students learned about intrabony abnormalities.
  • Participants were assigned to a test-enhanced (TE) or study (ST) group.
  • The TE group took an interventional test, while the ST group restudied material; both groups completed diagnostic and memory tests.

Main Results:

  • The test-enhanced group significantly outperformed the study group on immediate and delayed tests.
  • No significant difference was observed between groups on the memory test.
  • The testing intervention improved performance on diagnostic accuracy tests.

Conclusions:

  • Incorporating basic science tests enhanced students' understanding of disease mechanisms.
  • Testing improved students' diagnostic accuracy, suggesting benefits for clinical reasoning.
  • The testing effect is a valuable tool for deeper learning in health professions education.