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CXCR3, CXCL10 and type 1 diabetes

Alessandro Antonelli1, Silvia Martina Ferrari1, Alda Corrado1

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews
|February 18, 2014
PubMed

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is due to antigen-specific assaults on the insulin producing pancreatic β-cells by diabetogenic T-helper (Th)1 cells. (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10, an interferon-γ inducible Th1 chemokine, and its receptor, (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR)3, have an important role in different autoimmune diseases. High circulating CXCL10 levels were detected in new onset T1D patients, in association with a Th1 autoimmune response. Furthermore β-cells produce CXCL10, under the influence of Th1 cytokines, that suppresses their proliferation. Viral β-cells infections induce cytokines and CXCL10 expression, inducing insulin-producing cell failure in T1D. CXCL10/CXCR3 system plays a critical role in the autoimmune process and in β-cells destruction in T1D. Blocking CXCL10 in new onset diabetes seems a possible approach for T1D treatment.

Keywords:
CXCL10CXCR3CytokinesType 1 diabetesViral infections

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