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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I01:13

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Compendial dissolution methods are standardized procedures defined by pharmacopeias to evaluate the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specific medium. These methods ensure batch-to-batch consistency, enable quality control, and support the prediction of drug bioavailability. They are critical for both immediate and modified-release drug products.The apparatuses used for dissolution testing differ in their design and mechanical function, but all aim to simulate the physiological environment of...
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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods01:17

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Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...
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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II01:09

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Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients,...
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Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

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Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement01:16

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Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
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Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR
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Enhanced performance large volume dissolution-DNP.

Sean Bowen1, Jan Henrik Ardenkjaer-Larsen2

  • 1Technical University of Denmark, Department of Electrical Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|February 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers enhanced dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) by modifying a standard system for large sample volumes. This improved system maintained polarization efficiency even with increased sample sizes and solvent volumes.

Keywords:
Dynamic nuclear polarizationHyperpolarizationNMR

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Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Physics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) enhances NMR/MRI sensitivity.
  • Dissolution-DNP is a powerful technique for metabolic studies.
  • Scaling DNP for larger sample volumes presents technical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate and improve the performance of dissolution-DNP for large sample volumes.
  • To adapt a standard Hypersense dissolution system for increased sample capacity.
  • To investigate the impact of system modifications on polarization efficiency and robustness.

Main Methods:

  • Modification of a standard Hypersense dissolution system, including a large volume sample cup and supporting components.
  • Implementation of system adjustments to map temperature/pressure parameters.
  • Testing with increased solvent volumes and sample sizes up to 1 g.
  • Evaluation of polarization retention across different dilution factors.

Main Results:

  • Successful adaptation of the dissolution system for large volume sample polarization.
  • No observed loss in polarization efficiency with increased sample size (up to 1 g).
  • Effective operation with a low dilution factor (1:10) and large solvent volumes.
  • Enhanced system robustness and improved temperature/pressure mapping capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • The modified dissolution-DNP system effectively polarizes large sample volumes without compromising efficiency.
  • The modifications offer a robust and scalable approach for dissolution-DNP applications.
  • This advancement facilitates broader applications of DNP-enhanced NMR/MRI in biological and chemical research.