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Life events and suicidal ideation and behavior: a systematic review
1Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States.
Clinical Psychology Review
|February 19, 2014
Summary
Negative life events are consistently linked to suicidal ideation and behavior, especially more severe forms. Positive events show little association. Methodological limits impact findings on suicidal ideation and plans.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Public Health
- Psychiatry
Background:
- The relationship between life events and suicidal ideation/behavior is a longstanding area of research.
- Despite extensive study, a systematic review of the empirical literature has been lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review empirical literature on life events and suicidal ideation/behavior.
- To synthesize evidence regarding the association between negative and positive life events and various aspects of suicidal behavior.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline and PsycINFO.
- Included 95 articles examining life events in relation to suicidal ideation, plans, attempts, intent, severity, and completion.
Main Results:
- Consistent evidence supports an association between negative life events and suicidal ideation/behavior.
- The association was stronger for more severe forms of suicidal ideation and behavior.
- Limited evidence was found for an inverse relation between positive life events and suicidal ideation/behavior.
Conclusions:
- Life stressors are generally supported as a risk factor for suicidal ideation and behavior.
- Methodological limitations, particularly for suicidal ideation and plans, constrain interpretation.
- Recommendations for future research are provided to address these limitations.
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