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Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
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Updated: May 2, 2026

Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems
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Observational determination of albedo decrease caused by vanishing Arctic sea ice.

Kristina Pistone1, Ian Eisenman, V Ramanathan

  • 1Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0221.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Arctic sea ice decline has caused significant Arctic darkening, amplifying global warming. This study confirms this effect using satellite data, showing a substantial increase in solar energy absorption.

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Area of Science:

  • Earth Science
  • Climate Science
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Arctic sea ice decline is well-documented over 30 years via satellite observations.
  • The hypothesis of Arctic darkening amplifying global warming, proposed 50 years ago, lacked direct observational verification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To verify the hypothesis of Arctic darkening amplifying global warming using direct satellite observations.
  • To quantify the decrease in Arctic planetary albedo and its impact on solar energy input.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized satellite radiation budget measurements.
  • Employed satellite microwave sea ice data.
  • Analyzed data from 1979 to 2011.

Main Results:

  • Documented an Arctic-wide decrease in planetary albedo from 0.52 to 0.48 between 1979 and 2011.
  • Observed an additional 6.4 ± 0.9 W/m² of solar energy input into the Arctic Ocean region.
  • Found the global average forcing from albedo decrease to be 25% of that from CO2 change.

Conclusions:

  • Confirmed that Arctic darkening significantly amplifies warming.
  • Demonstrated that changes in cloudiness do not play a significant role in Arctic darkening.
  • Indicated that Arctic cloud albedo feedbacks are unlikely to mitigate future Arctic warming.