Hormonal responses after resistance exercise performed with maximum and submaximum movement velocities
Ilias Smilios1, Panagiotis Tsoukos, Andreas Zafeiridis
1a Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini 69100, Greece.
Summary
Resistance exercise at maximum velocity boosts testosterone and human growth hormone (hGH) but increases biological stress. Submaximum velocity with higher volume enhances hGH response without impacting cortisol.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Resistance training protocols significantly influence hormonal responses and neuromuscular performance.
- Understanding the impact of movement velocity and training volume is crucial for optimizing exercise prescription.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of different movement velocities (maximum vs. submaximum) and training volumes on hormonal concentrations (testosterone, hGH, cortisol) and neuromuscular performance.
- To compare the physiological stress induced by resistance exercise performed at maximum velocity versus submaximum velocity with varied training volumes.
Main Methods:
- Eleven males participated in a control and three resistance exercise protocols (squat and leg-press, 8 reps/set, 10-RM load).
- Protocols included maximum velocity (Vmax), 70% Vmax with equal volume (70%VmaxEV), and 70% Vmax with higher volume (70%Vmax).
- Hormonal concentrations and vertical jump performance were measured post-exercise.
Main Results:
- All exercise protocols increased testosterone and human growth hormone (hGH) compared to baseline and control.
- Maximum velocity (Vmax) protocol resulted in higher cortisol levels and greater reductions in vertical jump performance and increased heart rate.
- The 70%Vmax protocol (submaximum velocity, higher volume) showed a greater hGH response compared to Vmax, with no significant effect on cortisol.
Conclusions:
- Resistance exercise at maximum velocity elicits greater hormonal responses (testosterone, hGH) and physiological stress (cortisol, neuromuscular fatigue).
- Submaximum velocity resistance exercise, particularly with increased training volume, can enhance hGH response while mitigating cortisol elevation and neuromuscular impairment.
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