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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

269
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
269
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

280
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
280
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

26.4K
Overview
26.4K
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

7.3K
Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
7.3K
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

209
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
209
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

1.6K
Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
1.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

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Urticaria mimickers in children.

Anubhav N Mathur1, Erin F Mathes

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA.

Dermatologic Therapy
|February 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute urticaria in children often presents as a self-limited rash. However, distinguishing it from serious conditions like multisystem inflammatory diseases is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:
acute hemorrhagic edema of infancycryopyrin‐related disordersserum‐sickness‐like reactionsystemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritisurticaria multiforme

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Acute urticaria is a common, transient skin condition in children, typically resolving on its own.
  • Urticarial rashes can also be indicative of more serious underlying conditions, necessitating careful evaluation.

Observation:

  • This review highlights "mimickers" of acute urticaria that present with fever and extracutaneous symptoms in pediatric patients.
  • Differential diagnoses span from benign hypersensitivity reactions to severe multisystem inflammatory disorders.

Findings:

  • Key urticarial "mimickers" discussed include urticarial vasculitis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, and systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
  • Accurate diagnosis requires assessment of clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and histopathology.

Implications:

  • Correctly diagnosing urticarial rashes prevents unnecessary investigations for benign conditions.
  • Early recognition of multisystem inflammatory disorders ensures timely and appropriate management in pediatric patients.