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Ammonia diffusion through Nalophan™ bags.

Selena Sironi1, Lidia Eusebio1, Licinia Dentoni1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy

Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
|February 21, 2014
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Summary

Ammonia loss from sampling bags is reduced by using double bags. Higher surface area increases ammonia diffusion through the Nalophan™ film, driven by concentration gradients.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of ammonia requires stable sampling and storage.
  • Polymeric films in sampling bags can affect analyte concentration over time.
  • Understanding diffusion dynamics is crucial for reliable environmental monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify ammonia diffusion rates through Nalophan™ film.
  • To investigate the influence of concentration gradients and storage time on ammonia loss.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of double bags for ammonia storage.

Main Methods:

  • Gas-chromatography was used to measure ammonia concentration in sampling bags.
  • Ammonia decay was monitored over storage periods of 1 to 26 hours.
  • The role of ammonia and water concentration gradients at the film interface was assessed.

Main Results:

  • Ammonia diffusion is primarily driven by the ammonia concentration gradient, with a secondary effect from the water concentration gradient.
  • Higher surface area to volume (S/V) ratios correlated with increased ammonia diffusion rates.
  • Utilizing double-layered bags significantly reduced ammonia loss during storage.

Conclusions:

  • Double bags offer a practical solution to minimize ammonia loss in sampling bags.
  • Ammonia diffusion through Nalophan™ is dependent on concentration gradients and the bag's surface-to-volume ratio.
  • These findings are critical for improving the accuracy of ammonia measurements in environmental and industrial settings.