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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
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Long noncoding RNAs in innate and adaptive immunity.

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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators in immune cell differentiation and activation. This review explores their known immune functions and potential roles in broader immune responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Immune cell differentiation and activation rely on transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation.
  • Chromatin modifiers, transcription factors, microRNAs (miRNAs), and RNA-binding proteins are established regulators.
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles beyond cancer and differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the known functions of lncRNAs in immune cell regulation.
  • To discuss the emerging roles of lncRNAs in immune cell differentiation and activation.
  • To explore the potential broader involvement of lncRNAs in the immune response.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on lncRNAs and immunity.
  • Analysis of existing research on gene regulation in immune cells.
  • Synthesis of information on lncRNA mechanisms in biological processes.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are involved in regulating immune gene accessibility and transcription.
  • They provide an additional layer of post-transcriptional control at the mRNA level.
  • lncRNAs are emerging as critical players in immune cell differentiation and activation.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs represent a significant, underappreciated class of immune regulators.
  • Further research into lncRNAs is crucial for understanding and manipulating immune responses.
  • lncRNAs hold potential for therapeutic applications in immunological diseases.