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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

2.7K
Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
2.7K
Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines01:30

Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines

3.9K
Alkylation is one of the methods used to prepare amines. Direct alkylation of ammonia or a primary amine with an alkyl halide gives polyalkylated amines along with a quaternary ammonium salt through successive SN2 reactions. This process of making the quaternary salt through the direct alkylation method is called exhaustive alkylation.
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...
3.9K
Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis01:22

Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis

2.6K
Direct alkylation of ammonia produces polyalkylated amines, along with a quaternary ammonium salt. To exclusively prepare primary amines, the azide synthesis method can be used.
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
2.6K
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines01:19

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

3.0K
Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary...
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Synthesis of PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Janus Microhydrogels for Anisotropic Thermo-responsiveness and Organophilic/Hydrophilic Loading Capability
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Encapsulation of aliphatic amines using microfluidics.

Philipp W Chen1, Gian Cadisch, André R Studart

  • 1Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|February 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel microfluidic method to encapsulate reactive amines within acrylic microcapsules. This technique enables the creation of advanced materials like smart adhesives and self-healing polymers.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Encapsulating reactive amines is crucial for developing smart adhesives and self-healing materials.
  • Traditional emulsification and polymerization methods face challenges due to amine reactivity and miscibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new microfluidic-based method for encapsulating amines.
  • To overcome the limitations of existing techniques in amine encapsulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a microfluidic device to create double-emulsion templates.
  • Formulating an inner aqueous phase with the amine and a middle phase with acrylic monomers and initiator.
  • Inducing polymerization of the middle phase to form microcapsules.
  • Removing water via evaporation to concentrate the amine within the microcapsules.

Main Results:

  • Successfully encapsulated amines within acrylic microcapsules using the double-emulsion method.
  • Confirmed the presence of amines using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
  • Demonstrated the reactivity of encapsulated amines as cross-linkers for liquid epoxy resins.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed microfluidic double-emulsion method provides an effective route for amine encapsulation.
  • The resulting amine-loaded microcapsules are suitable for applications in advanced materials, including epoxy resin cross-linking.