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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Information Security
    • Image Processing

    Background:

    • Double-random-phase encryption (DRPE) is a widely used technique for secure image transmission.
    • Photon-counting (PC) techniques offer enhanced sensitivity and can lead to sparse data representations.
    • Previous DRPE methods often rely on amplitude information, which can be vulnerable.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate a novel full-phase-based photon-counting double-random-phase encryption (PC-DRPE) method.
    • To compare the performance of full-phase PC-DRPE with amplitude-based PC-DRPE.
    • To explore the potential for improved authentication efficiency using fewer photons.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of a full-phase PC technique within the DRPE framework.
    • Derivation of statistical distributions for PC decrypted data in both full-phase and amplitude-phase encoding.
    • Utilizing statistical parameters for image authentication.
    • Performance comparison using computational simulations and advanced correlation filters for authentication.

    Main Results:

    • The full-phase PC-DRPE method generates sparse images during encryption.
    • Statistical parameters derived from PC decrypted data can be used for authentication.
    • Full-phase PC-DRPE shows potential for requiring fewer photons for authentication compared to amplitude-based PC-DRPE.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed full-phase PC-DRPE method provides a secure encryption approach.
    • While visual authentication of decrypted images is challenging, key-based authentication using correlation filters is feasible.
    • The method demonstrates promise for lower photon requirements in authentication, enhancing efficiency.