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Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
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Seizures l: Introduction01:20

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Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
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Seizures ll: Types01:19

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Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
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Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

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Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.

Paulette Marie Gillig1

  • 1Dr. Gillig is Professor of Psychiatry and Faculty of the Graduate School, Department of Psychiatry Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio.

Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience
|February 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) require careful evaluation when routine EEGs are negative. This review outlines a diagnostic approach and communication strategy to improve patient acceptance and potentially reduce symptom frequency.

Keywords:
dissociationnonepileptic seizurespsychogenic seizures

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Video-electroencephalography (VEEG) is impractical for all patients with seizure-like behavior and negative routine EEGs.
  • A structured decision-making process is needed to guide further neurological evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review a decision-making process for further neurological evaluation in patients with seizure-like behavior.
  • To discuss differential diagnoses, comorbidities, and patient communication strategies for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review.

Main Results:

  • Psychogenic seizures stem from psychological conflicts or psychiatric disorders, not abnormal brain electrical activity.
  • Patients are unaware their seizures are non-epileptic and may experience significant anxiety.

Conclusions:

  • Early presentation of differential diagnoses and treatment options improves patient acceptance.
  • Effective communication regarding PNES diagnosis can help reduce symptom frequency.