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Surface plasmon resonance applications in clinical analysis.

Stefano Mariani1, Maria Minunni

  • 1Dipartimento di Chimica Ugo Schiff, Università di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.

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Summary

Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensors offer label-free, real-time detection of biomolecular interactions for clinical diagnostics. This review highlights SPR

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and imaging (SPRi) have become vital for label-free, real-time biomolecular interaction analysis in clinical settings over the past two decades.
  • SPR biosensors are increasingly employed for detecting analytes in complex biological matrices like serum, saliva, blood, and urine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state-of-the-art of SPR-based biosensors for clinical target detection.
  • To summarize the principles of SPR biosensors, including transducer properties, assay design, immobilization chemistry, and performance enhancement strategies like nanoparticle coupling.
  • To critically evaluate the application of SPR biosensors in molecular diagnostics for various analytes and diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on SPR and SPRi biosensor applications in clinical diagnostics.
  • Analysis of SPR sensor principles, including physical properties and assay development.
  • Examination of immobilization chemistries and advanced techniques (e.g., nanoparticle coupling) for enhanced analytical performance.

Main Results:

  • SPR biosensors demonstrate reliable, sensitive, and real-time detection of diverse analytes including hormones, cancer biomarkers, inflammatory markers, and antibodies.
  • Nucleic acid detection for genetic diseases (SNPs, point mutations) and microRNA, as well as pathogen detection via immunosensing, are effectively addressed.
  • Comparison with reference methods confirms the significant advancements and potential of SPR technologies in routine clinical analysis.

Conclusions:

  • SPR-based biosensors represent a powerful and versatile platform for label-free, real-time clinical diagnostics across a wide range of analytes and sample types.
  • The continuous innovation in SPR instrumentation and assay design, including nanoparticle integration, further enhances their analytical capabilities for complex matrices.
  • SPR technologies are progressively integrated into clinical routine, offering significant progress over traditional methods for molecular diagnostics and pathogen detection.