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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

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Transnasal endoscopy: Technical considerations, advantages and limitations.

Mustafa Atar1, Abdurrahman Kadayifci1

  • 1Mustafa Atar, Abdurrahman Kadayifci, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States.

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
|February 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Transnasal endoscopy (TNE) offers improved patient tolerance and reduced procedure time for upper endoscopy without sedation. While effective for diagnostics, its therapeutic applications are limited by the ultra-thin scope

Keywords:
Sedated endoscopyTransnasal endoscopyTransoral endoscopyUltra-thin endoscopyUnsedated endoscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Endoscopy
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Transnasal endoscopy (TNE) utilizes an ultra-thin endoscope (diameter < 6 mm) inserted via the nasal passage.
  • The primary aim of TNE is to enhance patient comfort and procedural convenience compared to traditional endoscopy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the technical aspects, benefits, and drawbacks of TNE using ultra-thin endoscopes.
  • To highlight TNE's potential for diagnostic screening and compare patient tolerance with conventional methods.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on transnasal endoscopy techniques and outcomes.
  • Analysis of TNE's advantages, including lack of sedation, reduced cost, and procedure duration.
  • Evaluation of limitations, particularly the narrow working channel for therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • TNE demonstrates superior patient tolerance compared to unsedated standard endoscopy.
  • Diagnostic image quality is maintained, supporting its use in screening programs, especially in East Asia.
  • Nasal discomfort is the main adverse effect, manageable with pretreatment.

Conclusions:

  • TNE is a viable diagnostic tool with significant patient comfort advantages.
  • Limited therapeutic capabilities due to the ultra-thin scope's channel restrict its use in certain interventions.
  • Wider adoption in Western countries is hindered by training gaps and limited awareness of TNE's benefits.