The piriformis syndrome: a review

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Pain Medicine
• Anatomy

Background:

• Piriformis syndrome is a debated cause of hip and low back pain.
• Its origin is linked to anatomical variations in the piriformis muscle and posterior hip structures.
• The connection between piriformis muscle dysfunction and hip pain remains uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the anatomy of the piriformis muscle and its relation to dysfunction.
• To delineate diagnostic methods for piriformis syndrome.
• To outline treatment interventions for piriformis syndrome.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of anatomical studies.
• Analysis of clinical diagnostic criteria.
• Examination of radiological and interventional procedures.

Main Results:

• Anatomical variations can predispose individuals to piriformis syndrome.
• Diagnosis relies on excluding other pain sources.
• Various clinical, radiological, and interventional options exist.

Conclusions:

• Piriformis syndrome diagnosis is challenging and often requires a process of elimination.
• Understanding regional anatomy is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
• Further research may clarify the etiology and improve management strategies.