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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

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Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
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Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
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Knee Joint01:23

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
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Updated: May 2, 2026

Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation
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Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation

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Sacroiliac Joint DysfunctionA New Perspective.

J D Fortin1

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation, Louisiana State University, and Diagnostic Conservative Management, Inc., New Orleans, LA.

Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation
|February 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The sacroiliac (SI) joint is increasingly recognized as a source of low back pain, despite historical controversy. Further research is needed to understand SI joint dysfunction, its diagnosis, and rehabilitation.

Keywords:
Biomechanicsorthoticsrehabilitationsacroiliac joint dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Pain Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • The sacroiliac (SI) joint's role as a low back pain source is controversial and historically overlooked.
  • Its significance declined with the identification of other spinal pathologies like herniated nucleus pulposus and spinal stenosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the resurgence of interest in the SI joint as a pain generator.
  • To highlight the need for improved understanding of SI joint biomechanics, diagnosis, and rehabilitation.

Main Methods:

  • This study reviews historical and current literature on the SI joint.
  • It identifies gaps in basic and clinical science information.

Main Results:

  • Historical proposals of the SI joint as a pain generator exist since 1905.
  • There is a lack of comprehensive scientific data on SI joint dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • The SI joint's role in low back pain requires further investigation.
  • More research is essential to develop effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for SI joint dysfunction.