Innovations in hip arthroplasty three-dimensional modeling and analytical technology (SOMA)

The modern generations of cementless hip arthroplasty implant designs are based on precise fit and fill of components within the native bony geometry of the proximal femur and the acetabulum for enhanced implant longevity. Variations exist based on a number of population demographics such as age, gender, body mass index, and ethnicity. Recently, establishment of comprehensive electronic computerized tomographic databases from a diverse population worldwide have been key innovations in the field of implant development. This technology provides a potential improvement compared to historical techniques of implant design and manufacturing which involved limited trials on cadavers. Segmentation of the computerized data to generate three-dimensional models allows precise and accurate measurements of anatomical structures and may provide better understanding of anthropometric variations that occur among individuals. Evidence-and population-based computational analyses may provide a better tool for designing orthopaedic implants that deliver an enhanced fit for a more diverse patient population. Moreover, these population-based databases can also verify new designs by means of virtual implantation and analysis on specific or large groups of bones within the database. The aim of this paper is to describe a three dimensional modeling and analytical technology and to review the various applications of this technology in relation to hip arthroplasty.