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Related Concept Videos

Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure

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The neural regulation of blood pressure involves intricate interactions between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular system, ensuring adequate perfusion of tissues. This regulation primarily occurs through baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, involving both short-term and long-term mechanisms.
Baroreceptor Reflex
Baroreceptors, located in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch, detect changes in blood pressure. When blood pressure rises, these stretch-sensitive receptors...
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Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure01:17

Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure

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Endocrinal or hormonal intervention in the cardiovascular system is predominantly exerted by the catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as a slew of hormones that interact with renal function to modulate blood volume.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction...
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Regulation of the Cardiovascular System01:27

Regulation of the Cardiovascular System

5.4K
The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
The regulation of the cardiovascular system involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, ensuring that heart rate and blood pressure are appropriately modulated in response to varying physiological demands.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system enhances...
5.4K
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

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The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Experimental Approach to Examine Leptin Signaling in the Carotid Bodies and its Effects on Control of Breathing
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Experimental Approach to Examine Leptin Signaling in the Carotid Bodies and its Effects on Control of Breathing

Published on: October 25, 2019

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Orexin, cardio-respiratory function, and hypertension.

Aihua Li1, Eugene Nattie1

  • 1Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon, NH, USA.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|February 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The orexin system plays a key role in regulating blood pressure and breathing. Blocking orexin receptors may offer a new therapeutic target for hypertension by normalizing cardio-respiratory functions.

Keywords:
CO2 chemoreflexblood pressure regulationcardiorespiratory functionhypertensionorexin and orexin receptors

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • The orexin system is implicated in regulating arousal and appetite.
  • Its role in cardiovascular and respiratory functions, particularly in hypertension, is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the involvement of orexin in cardio-respiratory control.
  • To explore the link between orexin signaling and hypertension.
  • To investigate orexin's role in central chemoreception.

Main Methods:

  • Central administration of orexin and its antagonists in rats.
  • Assessment of arterial blood pressure (ABP) and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA).
  • Evaluation of ventilatory responses to carbon dioxide (CO2) in normal and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).

Main Results:

  • Central orexin administration increases ABP and SNA; antagonists block these effects.
  • Orexin receptor blockade lowers blood pressure in SHRs.
  • Orexin system modulation affects the ventilatory CO2 chemoreflex in normal and hypertensive rats.
  • Almorexant normalized CO2 chemoreflex and reduced ABP/SNA in SHRs.

Conclusions:

  • The orexin system is involved in the development and maintenance of hypertension in SHRs.
  • Central chemoreception may mediate the orexin system's effects on SNA and ABP.
  • Targeting the orexin system presents a potential therapeutic strategy for hypertension.