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Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
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The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Detection of Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Murine Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages
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The inflammasome and its regulation.

Kohsuke Tsuchiya1, Hideki Hara1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

Critical Reviews in Immunology
|March 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Inflammasomes are protein complexes that activate caspase-1, crucial for inflammation and cell death. Understanding inflammasome regulation is key to managing inflammatory diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Inflammasomes are multiprotein platforms critical for caspase-1 activation.
  • They respond to danger signals, producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducing inflammatory cell death.
  • Inflammasomes play roles in host defense, intestinal homeostasis, and inflammatory disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex regulatory mechanisms governing inflammasome and ASC speck assembly.
  • To summarize recent findings on inflammasome effector functions and biological roles.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of inflammasome research.
  • Analysis of regulatory pathways including protein interactions, receptors, and cellular components.
  • Synthesis of data on inflammasome activation and function.

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Main Results:

  • Inflammasome assembly is tightly regulated by numerous factors, including receptors, accessory proteins, caspases, cytokines, and cellular processes.
  • Regulation involves both positive and negative control mechanisms.
  • The ASC speck/pyroptosome, another caspase-1-activating complex, is also under strict control.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammasome activation is a highly controlled process involving intricate molecular and cellular mechanisms.
  • Understanding these regulatory pathways is essential for targeting inflammasomes in disease.
  • Further research into inflammasome functions and regulation can inform therapeutic strategies for inflammatory conditions.