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Autumn P Davidson1

  • 1Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital Small Animal Clinic, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Pet Care Veterinary Hospital, East Campus, 2425 Mendocino Avenue, Santa Rosa, CA 95403, USA.

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Summary

Veterinary care during pregnancy, birth, and after birth improves puppy survival. Prompt physical exams and colostrum intake within 24 hours are crucial for neonatal health and immunity.

Keywords:
Neonatal resuscitaionParturientPostpartumPrenatal

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Neonatal Animal Health
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Neonatal morbidity and mortality in puppies significantly impact survival rates.
  • Factors contributing to puppy loss can be mitigated through timely veterinary care.
  • Early life stages are critical for establishing long-term health and immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of veterinary intervention during critical neonatal periods.
  • To outline essential practices for enhancing neonatal puppy survival.
  • To emphasize the role of early life care in preventing puppy morbidity and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established veterinary protocols for prenatal, parturient, and postpartum care.
  • Emphasis on the timing and components of neonatal physical examinations.
  • Assessment of the critical window for colostrum intake and passive immunity transfer.

Main Results:

  • Prudent veterinary management significantly increases neonatal survival rates.
  • Early physical examination (within 24 hours) is vital for identifying potential health issues.
  • Prompt colostrum ingestion is essential for passive immunity acquisition in neonates.

Conclusions:

  • Proactive veterinary care throughout the perinatal period is key to reducing puppy mortality.
  • Comprehensive neonatal assessment and timely nutritional support are fundamental for survival.
  • Effective management strategies can control factors leading to neonatal morbidity and mortality in canine populations.