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Related Experiment Videos

Salivary composition in diabetic patients.

H Ben-Aryeh1, M Cohen, Y Kanter

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.

The Journal of Diabetic Complications
|April 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) show altered saliva composition, including higher glucose and potassium levels and lower flow rates. These salivary changes suggest salivary gland impact in IDDM but don't correlate with dry mouth or serum glucose levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a systemic disease affecting multiple organs.
  • Salivary gland dysfunction is a potential complication of diabetes, impacting oral health.
  • Understanding salivary changes in IDDM is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate salivary composition and flow rate in patients with IDDM.
  • To compare salivary parameters between IDDM patients and healthy controls.
  • To explore correlations between salivary changes, xerostomia, and serum glucose levels.

Main Methods:

  • Whole and parotid saliva were collected from 35 IDDM patients and 31 healthy controls.
  • Saliva samples were analyzed for flow rate, glucose, potassium, total protein, sodium, IgA, and amylase activity.

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  • Subjective complaints of dry mouth (xerostomia) were recorded.

    • Main Results:

    • IDDM patients exhibited a significantly lower whole-saliva flow rate compared to controls.
    • Elevated glucose and potassium concentrations were found in the parotid saliva of IDDM patients.
    • Higher total protein concentrations were observed in resting whole and stimulated parotid saliva of diabetics.
    • No significant differences were noted in sodium, IgA, or amylase activity between groups.
    • Salivary glucose levels did not correlate with serum glucose levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Salivary glands are demonstrably affected in individuals with IDDM, evidenced by altered salivary composition and reduced flow rate.
    • The subjective experience of dry mouth in diabetics may stem from qualitative salivary changes or altered mucosal perception, not solely from reduced flow.
    • Saliva's glucose concentration in IDDM patients is not a reliable indicator for monitoring blood glucose levels.