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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.2K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.2K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.5K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.5K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.3K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.3K
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.3K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.3K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.4K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.4K

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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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High-fidelity spin entanglement using optimal control.

Florian Dolde1, Ville Bergholm2, Ya Wang1

  • 11] 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart, IQST and SCOPE, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany [2].

Nature Communications
|March 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrate precise quantum control using engineered microwave pulses for scalable quantum information processing. This method achieves high-fidelity operations and entanglement, crucial for advancing room-temperature quantum devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Computing
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • Precise quantum system control is essential for quantum information processing, metrology, and spectroscopy.
  • Scaling quantum registers faces challenges in qubit addressing, cross-talk suppression, entanglement of distant nodes, and decoupling unwanted interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate optimal control of a two proximal nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center spin qubit system in diamond.
  • To achieve high-fidelity single qubit operations and entangled states.
  • To suppress crosstalk and unwanted dipolar couplings, and demonstrate entanglement swapping.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized engineered microwave pulses for optimal control of NV centers.
  • Employed dynamical decoupling techniques to enhance entanglement quality.
  • Performed entanglement swapping to nuclear spin quantum memory.

Main Results:

  • Achieved single electron spin operations with a fidelity of approximately 0.99.
  • Realized high-quality entangled states between two electron spins with fidelity greater than 0.82.
  • Demonstrated high-fidelity entanglement swapping to nuclear spins over a 25 nm distance, with high suppression of crosstalk and dipolar couplings.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal control is crucial for scalable, room-temperature, spin-based quantum information devices.
  • The demonstrated techniques address key challenges in scaling up quantum registers.
  • This work paves the way for advanced quantum technologies using diamond NV centers.