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Association between IgA deficiency & other autoimmune conditions: a population-based matched cohort study
Jonas F Ludvigsson1, Martin Neovius, Lennart Hammarström
1Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, jonasludvigsson@yahoo.com.
Journal of Clinical Immunology
|March 4, 2014
Summary
Individuals with IgA deficiency have a significantly higher risk of developing autoimmune disorders like celiac disease and type 1 diabetes. This study highlights a strong association between IgA deficiency and increased prevalence of various autoimmune conditions.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Genetics
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Selective IgA deficiency is the most common primary immunodeficiency.
- Patients with IgA deficiency are known to have an increased risk of autoimmune diseases.
- However, the full spectrum of autoimmune disorders associated with IgA deficiency requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of autoimmune disorders in individuals with IgA deficiency.
- To compare these prevalences with those in the general population.
Main Methods:
- A nationwide prospective population-based cohort study was conducted in Sweden.
- 2100 individuals diagnosed with IgA deficiency were identified and matched with 18,653 general population controls.
- Data on nine autoimmune disorders were retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register, with diagnoses confirmed by at least two ICD code entries.
Main Results:
- Individuals with IgA deficiency showed a significantly higher prevalence of celiac disease (35-fold increased PR) and type 1 diabetes (10-fold increased PR).
- Elevated prevalences and prevalence ratios (PRs) were also observed for juvenile idiopathic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, and hyperthyroidism.
- No statistically significant increase was found for myasthenia gravis.
Conclusions:
- Individuals with IgA deficiency exhibit a substantially higher prevalence of multiple autoimmune disorders.
- This finding underscores the importance of considering autoimmune conditions in patients diagnosed with IgA deficiency.
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